Szczepanski, Kallie. One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas found in the scriptures with orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. _____ us amazing stories about her youth in Hong Kong. (present perfect, tell). Qing Dynasty, China's Last Imperial Family, The Boxer Rebellion in Editorial Cartoons, Biography of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Revolutionary Leader, The Fall of the Ming Dynasty in China in 1644, Tibet and China: History of a Complex Relationship, The Complex Structure of Ethnic Conflict in the Frontier: Through the Debates Around the 'Jindandao Incident' in 1891, The Monarch and Inner/Outer Court Dualism in Late Imperial China, 'Revolution': Conceptualizing Political and Social Change in the Late Qing Dynasty, Moving to the Right Place at the Right Time: Economic Effects on Migrants of the Manchuria Plague of 191011, Size and Dynastic Decline: The Principal-Agent Problem in Late Imperial China, 17001850. How did the Rebellion impact the Qing dynasty? Asia for Educators, Columbia University, 2009. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Kublai Khan The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. The White Lotus Secret Society and the Demise of Mongol Rule in China A similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China as tax protests. As you might expect, the collapse of China's Qing dynasty was a long and complex process. READ: Economic and Material Causes of Revolt - Khan Academy Save up to $6,685 on one of 9 used Lotus Evora 400s in Frisco, TX. Having attained the Mandate of Heaven and the status of Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang named his period of reign "Hongwu" (thus he was known as the Hongwu Emperor) and founded a new dynasty the Ming dynasty. Talking about Yuan's decline and fall, you should learn something about White Lotus Society. This Liu Chi-hieh set up a youth named Wang Fa-sheng, whom he represented to be a member of the Chu family and a descendant of the Ming emperors, as the rightful sovereign of the people. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608 (accessed March 4, 2023). The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchus, contributing to the increasing frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. The doctrine of the White Lotus includes an alleged forecast to the advent of the Buddha. [8] The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. The Qing had forbidden agriculture in the northern regions, which were left to the Mongol pastoralists, but the introduction of new world crops such as potato and maize opened the northern region plains farming. [citation needed]. [10], The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 - globalsecurity.org You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. [6] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. ." BJ Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. On assuming effective power in 1799, however, Emperor Chia Ch'ing (reigned 17961820) overthrew the Ho-shen clique and gave support to the efforts of the more vigorous Manchu commanders as a way of restoring discipline and morale. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. "Reluctant guerrillas in early nineteenth century China: the White Lotus insurgents and their suppressors. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion. Rather than following the path of Japan's Meiji Restoration and modernizing the country, Cixi purged her court of modernizers. . in, Gaustad, Blaine C. "Prophets and pretenders: inter-sect competition in Qianlong China. "Civilians Go into Battle: Hired Militias in the White Lotus War, 1796-1805. Under the Ming and the Qing, the movement existed in small, secret congregations and its doctrines were spread through baojuan ("precious volumes . ", Dai, Yingcong. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. It had cost the lives of countless civilians and regular troops, including more than 400 high officers, and consumed more than 200 million liang /tael, which corresponded to four times the annual revenues of the state treasury. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." As one Qing official complained: The rebels are all our own subjects. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. The nine-years long White Lotus war had devastated a large number of districts in Central China. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. Omissions? The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. BJ Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. The Qianlong Emperor (r. 173596) sent Helin (, brother of Heshen) and Fuk'anggan to quell the uprising. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. Corrections? White Lotus Dental - Frisco, TX - Nextdoor With its weaknesses exposed, China began to lose power over its peripheral regions. The White Lotus continued to be active, and might have influence the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813.[6]. In the period after about 1680 the introduction of corn (maize) and sweet potatoes, followed in the 18th century by the introduction of the Irish potato, made upland farming possible. White Lotus Rebellion - Wikipedia Led by Lin Qing (; 1770-1813) and Li Wencheng, the revolt occurred in the Zhili, Shandong, and Henan provinces of China. ", in, Zhang Shucai (1992). Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. At first the Ch'ing administration, under the control of Ho-shen, sent inadequate and inefficient imperial forces to suppress the ill-organized rebels. The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Sikh uprisings against the Mughal Empire in India, Pugachev's Revolt in the Russian Empire, and the White Lotus Rebellion in China mirrored the rebellions in the Atlantic world. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"uAtwiiQKDz3pej8tikjjXf8qtftBywxw48FuRjxp2JM-86400-0"}; In response, the Qing Empress Dowager Cixi clamped down hard on reformers. A White Lotus rebellion known as the Red Turban Uprising helped Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty, capture Beijing, but he turned against the group once he had achieved imperial power. Tibet has been an independent country throughout the historical period and since time immemorial according to Tibetans' own myth-based sense of, Xinjiang (shnjyng) or Sinkiang (shnjyng, snkyng) [Chinese,=new frontier], officially Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Mandarin Xinjiang U, For more information on Chinese history and culture, seeVol. "White Lotus Rebellion However, the date of retrieval is often important. The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. Inventions When the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) occurred, the dynasty was forced to turn to peasant soldiers to suppress the rebels in central and southern China, since the regular army lacked the necessary strength and morale. The rebels are all our own subjects. Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. The grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. In the late 18th century, in response to famine, crowded conditions, and harassment from petty government officials, White Lotus leaders in central China began a rebellion; they promised their followers that there would be the return of the Buddha and the end of suffering. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. What brought about the collapse of this once-mighty empire, ushering in the modern era in China? A decree by the Daoguang Emperor admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" By threatening the arrest of people who engaged in sectarian activities, local officials and police extorted money from people. A major contribution to the downfall of the last dynasty were external forces, in the form of new Western technologies, as well as a gross miscalculation on the part of the Qing as to the strength of European and Asian imperialistic ambitions.