In analyzing a radioactive decay (or any nuclear reaction) an important quantity is \(Q\), the net energy released in the decay: \(Q=\left(m_{X}-m_{X^{\prime}}-m_{\alpha}\right) c^{2}\). Enter your queries using plain English. . The following tools can generate any one of the values from the other three in the half-life formula for a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The alpha particle carries away most of the kinetic energy (since it is much lighter) and by measuring this kinetic energy experimentally it is possible to know the masses of unstable nuclides. the number of protons, so we have 90 protons on the left, how many neutrons do we have? We need to multiply the probability of tunneling PT by the frequency \(f\) at which \( {}^{238} \mathrm{U}\) could actually be found as being in two fragments \({ }^{234} \mathrm{Th}+\alpha \) (although still bound together inside the potential barrier). The atoms involved in radioactive decay are referred to as isotopes. Usually it is gamma decay but some radioactive synthesizers can tell you what radiation is has in its isotope. The probability of tunneling is given by the amplitude square of the wavefunction just outside the barrier, \(P_{T}=\left|\psi\left(R_{c}\right)\right|^{2}\), where Rc is the coordinate at which \(V_{\text {Coul }}\left(R_{c}\right)=Q_{\alpha}\), such that the particle has again a positive kinetic energy: \[R_{c}=\frac{e^{2} Z_{\alpha} Z^{\prime}}{Q_{\alpha}} \approx 63 \mathrm{fm} \nonumber\]. More than just an app, TikTok is a destination for short-form mobile videos. Example so we put a zero here. This element is also the object that undergoes radioactivity. Please enable JavaScript. In this procedure, lead-212 is used that is ingested into the body and travels to the site of the tumour where it gives off alpha radiation and kills all the cells in the area. As per the alpha decay equation, the resulting Samarium nucleus will have a mass number of 145 and an atomic number of 62. It is extremely unintuitive and I end up spending a inordinate amount of time typing it out, its an amazing app, this aap is so good. The nuclear force that holds an atomic nucleus is even stronger than the repulsive electromagnetic forces between the protons. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. \end{array} X_{N-2}^{\prime}\right)+B\left({ }^{4} H e\right)-B\left({ }_{Z}^{A} X_{N}\right)=B(A-4, Z-2)-B(A, Z)+B\left({ }^{4} H e\right) \nonumber\]. There are two protons in the helium nucleus and two neutrons. Each particle can be detected using different methods due to its ability to penetrate materials. No, a neutron is not made of a proton, electron and antineutrino. Alpha decay formula can be written in the following way . Can help answer any style question in detail. The penetration power of Alpha rays is low. If in case the alpha particles are swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed into the bloodstream which can have long-lasting damage on biological samples. Radioactive Decay Calculator & Conversions. The 5 different types of radioactive decay are alpha decay, beta decay, gamma emission, positron emission (+ decay), and electron capture. And also actually, So a neutron is turning into a proton, so let's go ahead and Vedantu LIVE Online Master Classes is an incredibly personalized tutoring platform for you, while you are staying at your home. Arc Length S = R Discover Resources We supply abundant study materials to help you get ahead of the curve. We have grown leaps and bounds to be the best Online Tuition Website in India with immensely talented Vedantu Master Teachers, from the most reputed institutions. More advanced methods are needed to find roots of simultaneous systems of nonlinear equations. \end{array} X_{N}\right)-m\left(\begin{array}{c} But I was told that it doesn't behave like one. Then, the particles are inside a well, with a high barrier (as \(V_{\text {Coul }} \gg Q \)) but there is some probability of tunneling, since Q > 0 and the state is not stably bound. For example (Please note that this is only an example), protons = 6 so 6-2 = 4 (2021, July 29). Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike. How do we relate this probability to the decay rate? 14 - 6protons = 8neutrons. Go through the step by step procedure to find the radioactive decay and half-life of the substance. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The phenomenon of alpha decay is also found in rare earth elements ranging from neodymium, which has atomic number 60, to lutetium, which has atomic number 71. And in terms of charges, we have 43 positive charges on the left, we need 43 positive charges on the right. Alpha particles are He atoms which have had their electrons removed giving them a +2 charge. This photo indicates the alpha decay of uranium What is the interaction between the Th and alpha particle in the bound state? Use Radioactive Decay Calculator to obtain the exact radioactive decay or half-life of the isotope easily. During this transformation, the initial element changes to another completely different element, undergoing a change in mass and atomic number as well. An example of alpha decay is when uranium-238 gives off an alpha particle and produces thorium-234.Feb 5, 2022 Required fields are marked *, \(\begin{array}{l}_{Z}^{A}\textrm{X}\rightarrow _{Z-2}^{A-4}\textrm{Y}+_{2}^{4}\textrm{He}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}_{Z}^{A}\textrm{X} \textup{ is the parent nucleus}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}_{Z-2}^{A-4}\textrm{Y} \textup{ is the daughter nucleus}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}_{2}^{4}\textrm{He} \textup{ is the released alpha particle}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}_{92}^{238}\textrm{U} \textup{ to thorium } _{90}^{234}\textrm{Th} \textup{ with the emission of a helium nucleus } _{2}^{4}\textrm{He}.\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}_{92}^{238}\textrm{Ur}\rightarrow _{90}^{234}\textrm{Th}+_{2}^{4}\textrm{He}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}_{93}^{237}\textrm{Np}\rightarrow _{91}^{233}\textrm{Pa}+_{2}^{4}\textrm{He}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}_{78}^{175}\textrm{Pt}\rightarrow _{76}^{171}\textrm{Os}+_{2}^{4}\textrm{He}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}_{64}^{149}\textrm{Gd}\rightarrow _{62}^{145}\textrm{Sm}+_{2}^{4}\textrm{He}\end{array} \). As a result, Wolfram|Alpha also has separate algorithms to show algebraic operations step by step using classic techniques that are easy for humans to recognize and follow. Sort by: Top Voted Questions Tips & Thanks Want to join the conversation? just in the ground stage. Alpha decay follows the form: Where A is the parent isotope (the atom being broken apart) B is the daughter isotope or the isotope formed. For alpha decay equations, this Q-value is. The process of carbon-14 dating was developed by William Libby, and is based on the fact that carbon-14 is constantly being made in the atmosphere. I have a bunch of confusion how the Gama ray decays. What is the radioactive decay formula? But as this is an example there is no element with 10 as the atomic weight. When Q > 0 energy is released in the . These methods are carefully designed and chosen to enable Wolfram|Alpha to solve the greatest variety of problems while also minimizing computation time. To calculate how long it would take for a sample of cesium137 to decrease in activity from 15 to 0 . The formuls is E = (m i - m f - p )c 2 Beta Decay: A beta particle is also called an electron. You have reached the end of Physics lesson 20.3.2 Alpha Decay. Well, once again, the number of nucleons is conserved, so I have During decay, this element changes to X. Example Problem: Isotopes and Nuclear Symbols, How to Write the Nuclear Symbol of an Atom, Basic Model of the Atom and Atomic Theory, Nuclear Structure and Isotopes Practice Test Questions, Chemistry Vocabulary Terms You Should Know. An example of beta decay is . During the alpha decay process, a helium nucleus, which is composed of two protons and two neutrons, is released with a specific energy (monoenergetic) from the atomic nucleus. This means the number of protons in the nucleus is reduced by 2 and the total number of nucleons is reduced by 4. The mathematical relation in alpha decay is A Z X A - 4 Z - 2 Y + 4 2 He Alpha particles were given this name prior to discovering what kind of particles they represent. Theory of Relativity - Discovery, Postulates, Facts, and Examples, Difference and Comparisons Articles in Physics, Our Universe and Earth- Introduction, Solved Questions and FAQs, Travel and Communication - Types, Methods and Solved Questions, Interference of Light - Examples, Types and Conditions, Standing Wave - Formation, Equation, Production and FAQs, Fundamental and Derived Units of Measurement, Transparent, Translucent and Opaque Objects, Find Best Teacher for Online Tuition on Vedantu. Alpha decay is the decomposition of a nucleus of an element into a new nucleus of a different element and an alpha particle. The carbon-14 undergoes radioactive decay once the plant or animal dies, and measuring the amount of carbon-14 in a sample conveys information about when the plant or animal died. Book: Introduction to Applied Nuclear Physics (Cappellaro), { "3.01:_Review_-_Energy_Eigenvalue_Problem" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.02:_Unbound_Problems_in_Quantum_Mechanics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.03:_Alpha_Decay" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Introduction_to_Nuclear_Physics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Introduction_to_Quantum_Mechanics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Radioactive_Decay_Part_I" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Energy_Levels" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Nuclear_Structure" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Time_Evolution_in_Quantum_Mechanics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Radioactive_Decay_Part_II" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Applications_of_Nuclear_Science_(PDF_-_1.4MB)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "alpha decay", "license:ccbyncsa", "showtoc:no", "Gamow factor", "program:mitocw", "authorname:pcappellaro", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/22-02-introduction-to-applied-nuclear-physics-spring-2012/" ], https://phys.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FNuclear_and_Particle_Physics%2FBook%253A_Introduction_to_Applied_Nuclear_Physics_(Cappellaro)%2F03%253A_Radioactive_Decay_Part_I%2F3.03%253A_Alpha_Decay, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 3.2: Unbound Problems in Quantum Mechanics, Quantum mechanics description of alpha decay, source@https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/22-02-introduction-to-applied-nuclear-physics-spring-2012/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. As an example, let us consider the decay of 210Po by the emission of an alpha particle. Learn about radioactive decay (alpha, beta, & gamma), how to balance nuclear equations for nuclear decay, and how to predict the products of nuclear reactions. If the reaction involves electrons nucleus shed out neutrons one by one. Just prior to separation, we can consider this pair to be already present inside the parent nuclide, in a bound state. That's 144 neutrons. This is a very stable nucleus as it is doubly magic. Alpha Decay: The process of alpha particle emitting its necleus is the alpha decay. ThoughtCo. APXS is a process that is used to determine the elemental composition of rocks and soil. Then you must check out this page. In terms of charge, if we Which elements can undergo alpha decay? The emitted alpha particle is also known as a helium nucleus. These use methods from complex analysis as well as sophisticated numerical algorithms, and indeed, this is an area of ongoing research and development. This equation is valid at any position inside the barrier: \[\kappa(r)=\sqrt{\frac{2 \mu}{\hbar^{2}}\left[V_{C o u l}(r)-Q_{\alpha}\right]}=\sqrt{\frac{2 \mu}{\hbar^{2}}\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha} Z^{\prime} e^{2}}{r}-Q_{\alpha}\right)} \nonumber\]. is a column dedicated to answering all of your burning questions. So in beta decay, an electron A probabilistic process always has a non-zero chance to occur, despite the conditions may be such that the event seems improbable. Alpha decay: The nucleus splits into two chunks, a little chunk called an "alpha particle" (which is just two protons and two neutrons) and a daughter nucleus with a lower atomic number than the initial nucleus.The "radiation" here is the small chunk, which generally moves away from the nucleus at a pretty high speed. is called a beta particle. Direct link to Mahdi Salehi's post At 6:55, how can nucleus , Posted 5 years ago. If the reaction involves electrons nucleus shed out neutrons one by one. For example, in the alpha decay process shown below, the proton-neutron ratio of "parent" nucleus (Polonium, Po) is, and the proton-neutron ratio of "daughter" nucleus (Lead, Pb) is. To understand what is meant by multiplicity, take, for example, . Decay Calculator Decay Calculator This Web application will allow you to calculate the activity of a radionuclide after a specified interval of time. going to affect our numbers, so if we start with nucleons, we have 99 nucleons on the left, we're going to have 99 Notice that its no coincidence that its called \(Q\). It can't take the place of an electron in a regular chemical reaction. The deflection of alpha decay would be a positive charge as the particles have a +2e charge. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/alpha-decay-nuclear-reaction-problem-609457. The \(\alpha\) decay should be competing with other processes, such as the fission into equal daughter nuclides, or into pairs including 12C or 16O that have larger B/A then \(\alpha\). So first look at the father nucleus and list its number of protons and its atomic weight. between the parent and daughter element? in my two neutrons here. Wolfram|Alpha is a great tool for finding polynomial roots and solving systems of equations. Lead is element number 82. Posted 8 years ago. 14964Gd undergoes decay to form one nucleus of Sm. The strength of the nuclear force that keeps the nucleus together is directly proportional to the number of nucleons. In the following example, an unstable uranium-238 nucleus undergoes an alpha decay (converting into thallium-234) and an alpha particle is emitted. Therefore, we would have a zero here. Alpha decay or -decay is a type of radioactive decay in which the atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle thereby transforming or decaying into a new atomic nucleus. Since the alpha particles have a mass of four units and two units of positive charges, their emission from nuclei results in daughter nuclei that have a positive nuclear charge. What is Radiation? For example, any of uranium isotopes such as (23892U) may emit an alpha particle and thus become a thorium isotope (23490Th). It is made of two down quarks (charge -1/3) and one up quark (charge 2/3). Decay Calculator. Brief explanation of the three forms of radioactive emission: alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha decay, or alpha emission, is the release or emission of an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This decay leads to a decrease in the mass number and atomic number, due to the release of a helium atom. In beta decay, the radioactive isotope emits an electron or positron. #""_106^263Sg# --> #""_104^259Rf# + #""_2^4He#. I have a zero here, so We could put a beta here, As in chemistry, we expect the first reaction to be a spontaneous reaction, while the second one does not happen in nature without intervention. Polonium nucleus has 84 protons and 126 neutrons, therefore the proton to neutron ratio is Z/N = 84/126, or 0.667. and two neutrons) changes the mass number. Find the final activity? So a neutron has no charge, Similar remarks hold for working with systems of inequalities: the linear case can be handled using methods covered in linear algebra courses, whereas higher-degree polynomial systems typically require more sophisticated computational tools. The -particle emerges with a kinetic energy T, which is slightly below with Q-value 7.83 MeV, calculated above, there are . K = Q 1 + m / m x . So a neutron has turned into a proton, and we're also getting a beta particle ejected from the nucleus. If you're looking for a quick delivery, we've got you covered. This small change in the Z/N ratio is enough to put the nucleus into a more stable state (into the region of stable nuclei in the Chart of the Nuclides.). As a result, the binding energy in daughter nucleus is smaller too. of the element by -4 and the atomic number. . Since the final state is known to have an energy \( Q_{\alpha}=4.3 \ \mathrm{MeV}\), we will take this energy to be as well the initial energy of the two particles in the potential well (we assume that \(Q_{\alpha}=E \) since \(Q\) is the kinetic energy while the potential energy is zero). There are 5 different types of radioactive decay. The last form of radioactive decay is gamma decay. Isotopes and Nuclear Symbols Example Problem. where Q is the Q-value, which is "the amount of energy released in the reaction", m is the mass of the alpha particle and m x is the mass of the daughter . We do not "know" that a given conservation law is true, instead we have observed, over and over again, that in every reaction things like the total electric charge stays the same. This is our beta particle. Gamma rays are given off, and a gamma ray has no charge and no mass; it's pretty much just energy, Probably, but also probably not for very long, since any free electrons in the area will be attracted to it's positive charge. Then the frequency is \(f \approx 4.3 \times 10^{21}\). Half-Life Radioactive Decay Calculator: Want to calculate the radioactive decay of a substance in an easy way? Therefore, such nuclei accelerate the stability by reducing their size results in alpha decay. ), If it were a real example you can check the element which has an atomic mass of 10. This could be thought as a similar process to what happens in the fission process: from a parent nuclide, two daughter nuclides are created. 212 Po -10.3649 MeV. Let's do one more type of decay. Write a balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of polonium-210. Ernest Rutherford distinguished alpha decay from other forms of radiation by studying the deflection of the radiation through a magnetic field. An example of an alpha decay equation is: A ZX Z . This page titled 3.3: Alpha Decay is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Paola Cappellaro (MIT OpenCourseWare) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. The GeigerNuttall law or GeigerNuttall rule relates to the decay constant of a radioactive isotope with the energy of the alpha particles emitted. Gamma Decay: The nucleus has orbiting electrons which have some energy, when an electron jumps from a level of high energy to low energy, there is an emission of a photon. Although such methods are useful for direct solutions, it is also important for the system to understand how a human would solve the same problem. Thus, if the parent nuclide, \( {}^{238} \mathrm{U}\), was really composed of an alpha-particle and of the daughter nuclide, \( {}^{234} \mathrm{Th}\), then with some probability the system would be in a bound state and with some probability in a decayed state, with the alpha particle outside the potential barrier. Welcome to our Physics lesson on Alpha Decay, this is the second lesson of our suite of physics lessons covering the topic of Radioactivity and Half-Life, you can find links to the other lessons within this tutorial and access additional physics learning resources below this lesson. The neutron can decay by this reaction both inside the nucleus and as a free particle. "Alpha Decay Nuclear Reaction Example Problem." The energy Q derived from this decay is divided equally into the transformed nucleus and the Helium nucleus. Alpha ( ) decay involves the release of helium ions from the nucleus of an atom. Alpha decay definition, a radioactive process in which an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, decreasing its atomic number by two. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. In this equation, AZX represents the decaying nucleus, while A-4Z-2Y is the transformed nucleus and 42 is the alpha particle emitted. We saw the helium nucleus Let's look at it in a In practice given some reagents and products, \(Q\) give the quality of the reaction, i.e. In alpha decay, unstable, heavy nuclei (typically Z > 83) reduce their mass number A by 4 and their atomic number Z by 2 with the emission of a helium nuclei ( He 2 + 2 4 ), known as an alpha particle. Alpha Decay Nuclear Reaction Example Problem. Calculate the atomic and mass number of the daughter nucleus. and we gained a proton. This method was used by NASA for its mission to Mars. It's no longer in the excited state. Direct link to Joshua Wakefield's post If it is a Radioactive is, Posted 4 years ago. . How to calculate the kinetic energy of an alpha particle - We are assuming that the energy released in this decay, given by the disintegration energy, all goes . What are the 5 types of radioactive decay? Direct link to Gray Can's post He didn't mention positro, Posted 6 years ago. Helmenstine, Todd. So we lost a neutron, \end{array} X_{N-6}^{\prime}\right)-m\left({ }^{12} C\right)\right] \approx 28 M e V \nonumber\]. In alpha decay, an alpha particle is ejected from an unstable nucleus, so here's our unstable On the left, I know I have 92 protons, so 92 positive charges on the left. What would be the mass and atomic number for this resulting nucleus after the decay? This decay in a nucleus causes the release of energy and matter from the nucleus. A proton has a plus one charge, and it's a nucleon so we put a one here. Well, I have four from my alpha particle, so I need 234 more. U undergoes alpha decay and turns into a Thorium (Th) nucleus. NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 1, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 2, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, Classwise Physics Experiments Viva Questions, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Physics, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Chemistry, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Maths, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology, JEE Main 2023 Question Papers with Answers, JEE Main 2022 Question Papers with Answers, JEE Advanced 2022 Question Paper with Answers, Gamma Decay (High energy photons are emitted).